DEFINITION OF MORPHOLOGY
Morphology is a branch of linguistics that deals with
struction and a form of a word in a language.
"Morphology is an essential
subfield of linguistics. Generally, it aims to describe the structures of words
and patterns of word formation in a language. Specifically, it aims to (i) pin
down the principles for relating the form and meaning of morphological
expressions, (ii) explain how the morphological units are integrated and the
resulting formations interpreted, and (iii) show how morphological units are
organized in the lexicon in terms of affinity and contrast. The
study of morphology uncovers the lexical resources of language, helps speakers
to acquire the skills of using them creatively, and consequently express their
thoughts and emotions with eloquence."
(Zeki
Hamawand, Morphology in English: Word Formation in Cognitive Grammar.
Continuum, 2011)
Two Branches of
Morphology
- "For English, [morphology] means devising ways of describing the properties of such disparate items as a, horse, took, indescribable, washing machine, and antidisestablishmentarianism. A widely recognized approach divides the field into two domains: lexical or derivational morphology studies the way in which new items of vocabulary can be built up out of combinations of elements (as in the case of in-describ-able); inflectional morphology studies the ways words vary in their form in order to express a grammatical contrast (as in the case of horses, where the ending marks plurality)."
(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English
Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)
- "The distinction between words and lexemes
provides the basis for the division of morphology into two branches: inflectional
morphology and lexical word-formation.
"Inflectional morphology deals with the infectional forms of various lexemes. It has something of the character of an appendix to the syntax the major component of the grammar. Syntax tells us when a lexeme may or must carry a certain inflectional property, while inflectional morphology tells us what form it takes
"Inflectional morphology deals with the infectional forms of various lexemes. It has something of the character of an appendix to the syntax the major component of the grammar. Syntax tells us when a lexeme may or must carry a certain inflectional property, while inflectional morphology tells us what form it takes
when
it carries that inflectional property.
"Lexical word-formation, by contrast, is related to the dictionary. It describes the processes by which new lexical bases are formed and the structure of complex lexical bases, those composed of more than one morphological element. The traditional term is simply 'word-formation.'"
(Rodney
Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English
Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002)
Classification Of Morphemes
Free
Morphemes/Stem
If
morpheme is able to appear as a word by itself
Bound Morphemes/Affixes
If
morpheme can only appear as part of larger ,multi-morphemic
summary
We
have given a whirlwind introduction to the field of morphology and
to
some of the phenomena that morphologists study. We introduced
a
key notion, that of the morpheme, but acknowledged that there are
problems
with its traditional formulation. We presented some basic
beliefs
of ours that underlie this and other chapters of the book, as well
as
four principles that will help the reader undertake morphological ana-
lysis.
Finally, we led the reader through two sample problems in order
to
illustrate the steps a morphologist must take when analyzing data, as
well
as possible stumbling blocks that he or she might encounter
reference :
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar